In an unprecedented experiment, the team at the Center for Nanomedicine, part of the Institute for Basic Science (IBS) alongside Yonsei University in South Korea, has made a groundbreaking stride by achieving the controlled manipulation of specific brain areas in mice using magnetic fields.
Controlled manipulation of specific brain areas in mice using magnetic fields.
This innovational breakthrough, dubbed the Nano-MIND (Magnetogenetic Interface for NeuroDynamics) technology, ushers in new avenues for delving into and modulating intricate brain functionalities, including cognition, emotion, and motivation.
Through the use of magnetism, the Nano-MIND technology facilitates the non-invasive, targeted, and precise adjustment of deep-seated neural circuits within the brain.
Research collective showcased the effectiveness of this technology
This is achieved by employing magnetic fields in conjunction with magnetically responsive nanoparticles to selectively stimulate designated brain pathways, marking a significant leap beyond traditional brain intervention techniques.
In a series of experiments, the research collective showcased the effectiveness of this technology by stimulating particular neurons across various brain regions in mice.
Stimulation of inhibitory GABA receptors
A notable accomplishment was the stimulation of inhibitory GABA receptors within the medial preoptic area (MPOA), a region implicated in maternal behaviors.
The stimulation of these neurons in female mice that were not mothers led to a notable uptick in nurturing behaviors, akin to those observed in maternal mice.
Doubling in appetite and feeding actions in mice
Furthermore, the team adeptly manipulated feeding behaviors through the strategic targeting of motivation circuits within the lateral hypothalamus.
The stimulation of inhibitory neurons in this region led to a doubling in appetite and feeding actions in mice. Alternatively, when excitatory neurons were targeted, there was a significant drop of over 50% in both appetite and feeding actions.
Broad application in research endeavors aimed at uncovering brain functionalities
Dr. CHEON Jinwoo, the head of the Center for Nanomedicine, shared his excitement about the diverse potential uses of this technology, stating, “This marks the first instance of using magnetic fields to precisely control specific brain regions at will.
We anticipate its broad application in research endeavors aimed at uncovering brain functionalities, enhancing sophisticated artificial neural networks, advancing dual-directional BCI technologies, and crafting novel remedies for neurological conditions.”
activation of desired brain circuits and the bidirectional modulation of higher brain functions
Nano-MIND technology is poised to greatly impact the field of neuroscience research and holds promise for influencing the development of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) as well as approaches for treating neurological diseases.
By enabling the selective activation of desired brain circuits and the bidirectional modulation of higher brain functions, this technology lays the groundwork for more targeted and less obtrusive studies, along with potential interventions for a variety of brain-related health issues.
As this area of study progresses, we anticipate witnessing additional insights into the brain’s complex operations and the emergence of innovative treatments for neurological diseases.